TURKMENISTAN

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Date / source : 1998 / Goncharov Jury / Email:  enigma@assalom.com

Comment from the beekeeper Albert Mamedkuliyev:

In antiquity the philosophers marked, that in territory of present Turkmenistan and its population was engaged with the apiculture and collecting the honey of wild bees. The cultural beekeeping began at the beginning of XIX century. The data from scientist - beekeepers Bilash G. D and Krivsov N. I. noted in their book Selection of Bees about the first bees were delivered to Turkmenistan from Central Asia in 1820. Five thousand bee-colonies were distributed from Northern Caucasus in 1931; it has served the beginning of mass employment of beekeeping in Turkmenistan. First collective bee-keeping was organized in Bairamali City. In 1971 the honey from alhagi (camel's-thorn) has won a bronze medal on the 23rd International Congress of the Beekeepers (Apimondia), which took place in Moscow. Since that year our honey was marketed in large amounts by Germany, Japan and other countries. Now beekeeping is based on private manufacture of honey by the individual owners of bee-colonies and it’s unfortunately not incorporated.

Turkmenistan—is a new Independent and Neutral State with five Regions. They are: Dashoguz, Mary, Lebap, Ahal and Balkan Regions. Beekeepers of those four regions have organized their Beekeepers Associations in the regions. Head Quarter of Beekeepers Association will be in the capital. The capital of Turkmenistan –is Ashgabat.

Recently thirty-nine beekeepers are the member of Dashoguz Region, sixty beekeepers are the members of Lebap Region, fifteen beekeepers are the members of Ahal Region and seven beekeepers are the members of Mary Region associations. Ahal Region association will be Head Quarter for the beekeepers, because it is located close to the capital.

These associations are recently submitted their documents to the state registration. The association members are in a good relationship with government. The Cabinet of Ministry and the representatives of the Regional associations had a meeting at the USAID/Winrock International Farmer-to-Farmer Program office in May’2003, on that meeting the main issue was export of Turkmen honey to the foreign countries. The representative of Cabinet Ministry brought prepared materials related to the legislation of exporting the honey. According to the custom laws, currently, it is allowed 1 kg of honey to take outside of the country for only personal consumption. Export in large amounts permits to legal firms, enterprises, etc. They should apply to Exchange and make an exporting contract so then they sell it outside. Cabinet ministries representatives strongly recommend finding out the rules of Exchange. Also they mentioned that Exchange hold the Auction where the import and export contracts are negotiated, so if beekeepers already has the outside buyer they could apply for exchange and make a contract.

Another information provided by Government representatives that the internal honey market is protected by custom laws is that imported honey is charged for custom dues by 0.003 $ for kg.

By government statistics the Gross Production of honey in Turkmenistan is equal to 350 grams per person per day while the standard need for internal consumption is 250 gram which also proves the need of exporting the honey. USAID/Winrock Farmer-to-Farmer Program Volunteers William Brown and Michael Embrey were the people, who gave an idea of organizing associations in the country in 2001.

Dashoguz Region beekeepers were initiators of organizing the association. They have organized their club as a volunteer’s intervention in 2001 with fifteen members. They have their own rules governed and approved by members. During the year there are four quarterly meetings, at which time new members may be admitted.

Recently they were donated $1240 US from USAID/Counterpart Consortium. USAID/Winrock FtF Dashoguz local staff assisted them to get the grant. Grant money is intended for the club to buy office equipments and conducting the trainings. Trainings will be conducted by members to the new bee-keepers or to the amateurs. Recently Dashoguz beekeepers club is the most advanced as a club with meetings being held monthly.

American specialist taught beekeepers to produce bee-products, like: cosmetics, candles, mead and etc; Their representatives were given educational materials and are encouraged to expand their scope of activities to include newsletters, honey shows, and to exchange information and help with other developing regional clubs.

Lebap Region Beekeepers are organized their association in 2002 with thirty-two members, but now the membership increased up to sixty now. They were donated small mini-equipment of wax-sheets with 4.9 size cells to decrease the varroa mites.

Mary beekeepers are working on buying the plastic packages for honey and other type of devices for beekeeping.

The honey fair which has been organized at the beginning of 2003 has displayed the tens grades of honey. Among the best varieties of honey are: cotton honey, honey from alhagi (camel's-thorn), licorice honey, May flower honey, mountain honey, honey from Lucerne, deserted acacia etc.

 
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