Beekeeping activity implies a series of intensive processes and a variety of risks. After examining studies on beekeeping activity, it became obvious that beekeeping risk factors and beekeeping health studies are quite limited throughout world.

Contrary to the will of citizens and the need to protect bees, European lawmakers are slowly disarming the flagship legislation aiming to reduce pesticides.

Bio-analysis of insects is increasingly dependent on highly sensitive methods that require high quality biological material, such as hemolymph. However, it is difficult to collect fresh and uncontaminated hemolymph from adult bees since they are very active and have the potential to sting, and because hemolymph is rapidly melanized.

Any attempt to outline a logical framework in which to interpret the honey bee health decline and its contribution to elevated colony losses should recognize the importance of the multifactorial nature of the responsible syndrome and provide a functional model as a basis for defining and testing working hypotheses.

While recent surveys reported that parasite-insecticide
interactions can synergistically and negatively affect honeybee survival, the importance of sequence in
exposure to stressors has hardly received any attention. In this work,

The increasing loss of pollinators over the last decades has become more and more evident. Intensive use of plant protection products is one key factor contributing to this decline.

Pesticides can pose environmental risks, and a common neonicotinoid pesticide, thiamethoxam, decreases homing success in honey bees.

Non-lethal exposure of honey bees to thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid systemic pesticide) causes high mortality due to homing failure at levels that could put a colony at risk of collapse. Simulated exposure events on free-ranging foragers labeled with an RFID tag suggest that homing is impaired by thiamethoxam intoxication.