Decades of experience has shown that, despite numerous ‘safe use’ programs, the ’safe use’ of highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) is not possible.

The negative impacts of pesticides, in particular insecticides, on bees and other pollinators have never been disputed. Insecticides can directly kill these vital insects, whereas herbicides reduce the diversity of their food resources, thus indirectly affecting their survival and reproduction.

Neonicotinoid pesticides were first registered for use in the mid 1990s. Since then, these chemicals have become widely adopted for use on farm crops, ornamental landscape plants, and trees.

While the issue is less in the news cycle, many native bees are still on their way to extinction. And commercial honeybees are dying at rates that make the bee business difficult.

Honey has been widely used for monitoring this element. The present work reports a novel method for the determination of arsenic in honey, bees, pollen, and propolis, based on the coupling of microwave digestion and hydride generation.

Artificial pollination systems can provide a security of yield even in poor pollination scenarios.