The enemies of bees can be classified as parasites, predators, disturbers, or commensals,  depending on the nature of their damage and their interdependence with bees.

Photoperiod and temperature strongly influence the rate of diapause development in animals.

Systemic insecticides are applied to plants using a wide variety of methods, ranging from foliar sprays to seed treatments and soil drenches. Neonicotinoids and fipronil are among the most widely used pesticides in the world.

Dietary sources of essential amino acids (EAAs) are used for growth, somatic maintenance and reproduction.

The high potential of flavonoids in ethanolic propolis extracts to bind to ACE II receptors indicates that this natural bee product has high potential for Covid- 19 treatment.

The new CAP framework enables potential interventions in the beekeeping sector, including advisory services, environmental actions, certification systems, and collective storage.

The significant decline of bees and pollinators together with the wider collapse of biodiversity we are currently witnessing has raised alarm in the scientific community and general public.

The EU beekeeping sector faces significant challenges, marked by competition from low-cost imports, rising production costs, and widespread fraud.

The Standing Committee on Plants, Animals Food and Feed (SCoPAFF) composed of representatives of the European Commission and Member States met once more on July 16 and 17 2020.

The European Red List is a review of the conservation status of European species according to IUCN regional Red Listing guidelines.