The genetic variation of N. ceranae supports the hypothesis that the most likely origin of N. ceranae was East Asia, and then spread through the world.

Honey bees provide critical pollination services for many agricultural crops. While the contribution of pesticides to current hive loss rates is debated, remarkably little is known regarding the magnitude of risk to bees and mechanisms of exposure during pollination...

The natural distribution of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) has been changed by humans in recent decades to such an extent that the formerly widest-spread European subspecies, Apis mellifera mellifera, is threatened by extinction through introgression from highly divergent commercial strains in large tracts of its range.

Stored pollen is the nutritionally rich currency used for colony growth and consists of 40–50% simple sugars.

Colonies with typical honey bee depopulation symptoms were selected for multiple possible factors to reveal the causes of collapse.

Diabetes mellitus remains a burden worldwide in spite of the availability of numerous anti-diabetic drugs. Honey is a natural substance produced by bees from nectar.

The honey consumer establishes the quality of honey with eye, nose and mouth. Therefore, the sensory properties of honey have a great importance. Sensory evaluation enables us to distinguish the botanical origin of honey and to identify and quantify certain defects (fermentation, impurities, off odours