Grooming behavior of honey bees can be considered in two major categories: autogrooming or self-grooming and inter-bee grooming, called allogrooming.

Grooming behavior is considered a varroosis tolerance factor of Africanized honey bees, but this behavior is difficult to evaluate directly within the honey bee colony.

Both nectar and pollen are collected in portions of 20 to 30 mg. This requires four to five times more nectar foragers than pollen foragers in the hive.

Both nectar and pollen are collected in portions of 20 to 30 mg. This requires four to five times more nectar foragers than pollen foragers in the hive.

New veterinary medicinal products developed as antiparasitic treatments controlling Varroa mite infestation in bees should satisfy the usual requirements for authorisation. Varroa control implies a number of integrated pest management measures,

Pollinator activity is required for the world’s quarter million angiosperm species to reproduce, and as a result for fruits and seeds to be produced. Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) are amongst the most specialised, arguably the most dominant pollinators and are essential for certain agriculturally important crops.

There is growing recognition that the gut microbial community regulates a wide variety of important functions in its animal hosts, including host health. However, the complex interactions between gut microbes and environment are still unclear.

The association between the deformed wing virus and the parasitic mite Varroa destructor has been identified as a major cause of worldwide honeybee colony losses.

Next we tested the temperature range that causes damage to the mites. The mites did not survive 10°C over the normal brood nest temperature. Similar experiments with bee pupae confirmed their significantly lower heat sensitivity.

This booklet provides the beekeeper fundamental and important information about the management of small hive beetles. Topics covered include small hive beetle biology, economic importance, control recommendations, and current tools that are available for beetle control.